Narrative in the Chronicles of a Death Foretold Essay

Narrative in the Chronicles of a death foretold The novel consists of a detailed history of the circumstances of the murder taken by the narrator, a journalist and former friend of the victim, twenty-seven years after the incident in question. The long range effects of this murder on the citizens of the town in which it occurs, and their unspoken involvement in the crime itself, are revealed in the course of the narrator’s history. The novel tells the story of the narrators return to the Colombian town to resolve the details of the murder. First person narration throughout, narrator himself is like a detective, exploring ideas, comments. The story itself is based on a real occurrence, but the novel, while seemingly journalistic,†¦show more content†¦Chronological order is messed up, many flashbacks- piecing together of a puzzle. The way narrator has presented d events is effective and thus engages d reader’s attention. The presentation of events in this way is effective and adds to the efforts of the direct story in engaging the reader’s attention. For a plot such as this, a mere collection of episodes and viewpoints adding to a whole event- the confusion of chronology and lack of extreme straightforwardness creates interest, and a vision of piecing together all aspects bit by bit. Getting close to the killing, the time differences get shorter and shorter to build up suspense Obviously the most concise definition of magical realism is that it is the combination of magical and real elements. The magical elements that marquez has used are, superstitions, exaggerations, dreams that come true, universal humor and the coincidence of bizarre events. These Elements are present within Chronicle of a Death Foretold n it is this magical realism that makes the novel interesting. Culture in most respects should be looked at holistically. Examining specific ideas and concepts within it become seemingly difficult because they form an intricate web, which can be related to other concepts and premises. Actions dialogue and even the descriptions of objects, people, and scenes enable readers to formulate a basic outline of the culture exhibited by the society expressed by Marquez. NotShow MoreRelatedChronicle Of A Death Foretold By Gabriel Garcia Marquez1388 Words   |  6 Pagesâ€Å"Fake News†: Analyzing Gabriel Garcà ­a Mà ¡rquez’s subtle commentary and use of minor characters through syntax, juxtaposition, and periphrasis Chronicle of a Death Foretold revolves around the reporting of the murder of Santiago Nasar by the author; Gabriel Garcà ­a Mà ¡rquez, who operates under the pretense of impartiality and journalistic integrity to create a subdued commentary through his minor characters. Mà ¡rquez provides commentary on sociopolitical controversies frequent in his portrayed ColumbianRead MoreTheme Of Machismo In Chronicle Of A Death Foretold1554 Words   |  7 PagesChronicle of a Death Foretold is a story about a murder that happened in a small town, in which the society allowed to happen without questioning it. In this town there is an emphasis on male pride and men’s sexual behaviors. Everyone expects a certain code of male honor from every man. The way they look and act is all portrayed by this emphasis of machismo. Machismo men are stereotypically thought of as strong, rich, loud, and as womanizers. They are often associated with violence. Drinking, fightingRead More Use of Magical Rea lism in Chronicle of a Death Foretold Essays1423 Words   |  6 PagesUse of Magical Realism in Gabriel-Garcia Marquezs Chronicle of a Death Foretold   Magical realism is clearly present throughout Gabriel-Garcia Marquezs novel Chronicle of a Death Foretold.   Magical realism is the juxtaposition of realism with fantastic, mythic, and magical elements. A secondary trait was the characteristic attitude of narrators toward the subject matter: they frequently appeared to accept events contrary to the usual operating laws of the universe as natural, even unremarkableRead MoreComparing Marzi And The Chronicle Of A Death Foretold890 Words   |  4 Pagesnarratorial voices? Marzi is different from Jack Hold and the Narrator from the Chronicle of a Death Foretold because of the point of view. Marzi’s is telling the story from a first person point of view where she is the main character. Jack and the narrator from the Chronicle of a Death Foretold are telling their stories from a first person peripheral point of view. Being that Marzi is the main character in her narrative she knows her feelings during each event of the book. Jack in The ravishing ofRead MoreChronicle Of A Death Foretold By Gabriel Garcia Marquez1229 Words   |  5 PagesThe novella Chronicle of a Death Foretold, a journalistic account of a historical murder, is written by author Gabriel Garcà ­a Mà ¡rquez. Continually through his career â€Å"Garcia Marquez employs journalistic writing techniques in his fiction, and particularly in Chronicle of a Death Foretold in order to produce a seemingly more authentic and credible work†( Gardener 3-4). This particular novel reads as if it is fictional. However, readers are interested to know that the account is based on a factualRead MoreChronicle of a Death Foretold Reflective1503 Words   |  7 PagesChronicle of a Death Foretold: Cultural Analysis In America, there is a judicial system that helps justice prevail, to punish criminals, and let the innocent walk. The judicial system allows for there to be a trial where evidence is presented. Through the evidence presented, the jury then decides if the person on trial is innocent or guilty. Never in any trial, in any courthouse, under any judge would it be allowed for a murder to be justified so that one could restore a relative’s honor. HoweverRead MoreThe Influence of Violent Cultural Traditions on the Characters of Chronicles of a Death Foretold – Gabriel Garcia Marquez1490 Words   |  6 Pagesand Pablo Vicario, two â€Å"boys who were raised up to be men.† His ability to interweave these values in his narrative show his deep understanding and perhaps even condolence towards these Latin Americans compelled to follow these archaic tendencies, corrupted by centuries of political extortion and civil violence which has made violence a social norm. The setting of Chronicle of a Death Foretold is a small Colombian coastal town in the 1950’s. The fictitious setting of this novella, although basedRead MoreMagical Realism In Chronicle Of A Death Foretold1442 Words   |  6 PagesPaul Moxey English February 28, 2010 Essay Question: Discuss the uses of Magical Realism and its significance in the novel Chronicles of a Death Foretold. Magical realism is clearly present throughout Gabriel-Garcia Marquez s novel Chronicle of a Death Foretold. Magical realism is defined as the combination of realism, along with magical and mythical elements such as dreams that come true, superstitions, humor, exaggerations, and the coincidence of bizarre events. A main characteristic was theRead More Honor in No One Writes to the Colonel and Chronicle of a Death Foretold by Garcia-Marquez1616 Words   |  7 PagesHonor in No One Writes to the Colonel and Chronicle of a Death Foretold by Garcia-Marquez Every culture in the world has its own unique set of values that they adhere to in life. The most important value to people is their honor. Honor is a very important factor in a person life that they will stop at nothing to make sure it is not lost. This endless pursuit of keeping honor can causes both positive and negative effects to a society. The reason honor is a main driving force in a personsRead MoreChronicle Of A Death Foretold By Gabriel Garcia Marquez1325 Words   |  6 Pagesin Latin American Society as Shown by Female Characters in Chronicle of a Death Foretold Emily Quinn Candidate Number: Works in Translation 35 B2 Ms. Prestash April 9, 2015 Through a Different Lens: The Exploration and Criticism of the Oppression of Women in Latin American Society as Shown by Female Characters in Chronicle of a Death Foretold The representation and portrayal of women in the novel Chronicle of a Death Foretold by Gabriel Garcia Mà ¡rquez provides an in-depth understanding

Ai in Optical Character Recognition Free Essays

Artificial intelligence (AI) is the intelligence of machines. AI textbooks define the field as â€Å"the study and design of intelligent agents† where an intelligent agent is a system that perceives its environment and takes actions that maximize its chances of success. In computer science, intelligent character recognition (ICR) is an advanced optical character recognition (OCR) or — rather more specific — handwriting recognition system that allows fonts and different styles of handwriting to be learned by a computer during processing to improve accuracy and recognition levels. We will write a custom essay sample on Ai in Optical Character Recognition or any similar topic only for you Order Now Most ICR software has a self-learning system referred to as a neural network, which automatically updates the recognition database for new handwriting patterns. Because this process is involved in recognizing hand writing, accuracy levels may, in some circumstances, not be very good but can achieve 97%+ accuracy rates in reading handwriting in structured forms. Often to achieve these high recognition rates several read engines are used within the software and each is given elective voting rights to determine the true reading of characters. An Artificial Neural Network (ANN) is an information processing paradigm that is inspired by the way biological nervous systems, such as the brain, process information. The key element of this paradigm is the novel structure of the information processing system. It is composed of a large number of highly interconnected processing elements (neurones) working in unison to solve specific problems Neural network recognizers learn from an initial image training set. The trained network then makes the character identifications. Each neural network uniquely learns the properties that differentiate training images. It then looks for similar properties in the target image to be identified. Neural networks are quick to setup; however, they can be inaccurate if they learn properties that are not important in the target data. Off-line handwriting recognition involves the automatic conversion of text in an image into letter codes which are usable within computer and text-processing applications. The data obtained by this form is regarded as a static representation of handwriting On-line handwriting recognition involves the automatic conversion of text as it is written on a special digitizer or PDA, where a sensor picks up the pen-tip movements as well as pen-up/pen-down switching. An Artificial Neural Network (ANN) is an information processing paradigm that is inspired by the way biological nervous systems, such as the brain, process information. The key element of this paradigm is the novel structure of the information processing system. It is composed of a large number of highly interconnected processing elements (neurones) working in unison to solve specific problems. How to cite Ai in Optical Character Recognition, Essay examples

Discourse On Metaphysics Essay Example For Students

Discourse On Metaphysics Essay In the Discourse on Metaphysics by Leibniz he suggest that, â€Å"we maintain that everything that is to happen to some person is already contained virtually in his nature or notion, as properties of a circle are contained in its definition.† This assertion raised a difficulty for Leibniz. This difficulty was that â€Å"human freedom will no longer hold, and that an absolute fatality would rule over all our actions as well as over all the rest of what happens in the world.† With such a reality there would be no use for free will and whatever fate succumbs an individual is the will of the Most High; in other words, being destined. But for Leibniz, this is not the determined reality of humanity. Leibniz asserts, that it is God and only God, who has the insight of mans greatest reality. And man is unable to derive all of what he is, and is to become. For only God can foresee his fate. Leibniz suggest it is the perfect and good outcome, that God has prepared for each indivi dual; and it is up to each person to fulfill that potential end. This potential end (which God only knows all possible outcomes), is achieved through the person making free decisions and determining her fate. God decrees only the most perfect possible outcome for humanity, and this notion is woven within the cosmic tapestry of the human mind (a priori). Though this is the decree of God, that only the most perfect possible reality shall be for mankind; the imperfect is possible. For Leibniz states, â€Å"as I have already said, although God’s choice of the best is certain, that does not prevent the less perfect from being and remaining possible in itself, although it will not occur; for it is not its impossibility but its imperfection which makes God reject it.† Therefore, only the most perfect outcome is to be for an individual. These outcomes and future outcomes of life are based off the innate nature of the individual. And it is the individual who will choose the bes t possible outcome of all possible outcomes for her life. For God wills it so. This being so, what makes up the nature of a person who chooses to perceive and know God, versus, the person who chooses to live his life consciously perceiving a reality without God? This person who chooses not to know God, denies the existence of such a Being. If God decrees the most perfect outcome for man, why would such a notion or nature be created and manifested within that individual? Because then, the person only has the most perfect possible outcomes of endless possible outcomes within the confines of his innate nature; which is not to know the Divine Creator. This being the case, he condemns himself according to the scriptures. In attempting to reveal insight upon the first part of this two-fold question, one must first discern the meaning of human nature. According to the authoritative opinion of The Random House College Dictionary human nature is defined as; â€Å"the psychological and social qualities that characterize mankind.† In assessing the psychological and social qualities of mankind, it was easy to find oneself consumed within the vastness of characteristical qualities for which humanity has been endowed. These qualities range from ignorance to knowledge; grief to joy; from incontinence to self-restraint; lust to perseverance; injustice to justice; from malice to compassion, and other psychological and social quality which fall under these particulars. Therefore, human nature consist of an almost infinitude amount of possible psychological and social qualities. It also appears as if no one quality has any prevalence over another quality in accordance to its impact upon the human condition. It seems as that at birth these qualities are already present, but unexpressed. These qualities continue to be unexpressed, ‘less circumstances and experience invoke and develop them as the child becomes older. One can not be taught to feel happiness or sorrow. Nor can the nature of lust be thrust upon the human soul as a cloak is placed upon the person who is to wear it. It must be within the soul innate, a priori, lying dormant, and awaiting development. Now perhaps this is a possible reason why Leibniz suggest â€Å"that everything that is to happen to some person is already contained virtually in his nature.† For this individual’s human nature has an infinitude of possible psychological and social qualities; which gives him an infinite number of possible realities to live out, depending upon the qualities of his nature. In approaching the first part of the question, (what makes up the nature of a person who chooses to perceive and know God, versus, the person who chooses to live his life consciously perceiving a reality without God?), it is seen that an individual’s nature is made up of an innumerable amount of qualities, ranging from that of the divine to the profane. Homeless Books EssayBut on the other end of this spectrum, there are peculiar findings. In speaking to others who did not profess to have a desire to know God, some spoke of a similar nature and life to those who did profess to know and seek God. They did not find themselves ravaged by the torments described above. And if they did experience any torments or possessed those qualities throughout their everyday lives, it was of a mild manner; in no way forcing them to seek a divine influence. Those who sought God, spoke of trials that they had experience, but within these trials there was a sense of peace and comfort as they turned toward God. In the same respect, those who do not profess God, are able to find this same since of peace and comfort by turning to other human beings or their various loves and passions of life. The ability to commune with those who have transcended this plain of existence is unable to be examined and taken in to consideration. For if it were feasible, perh aps light could then be shed upon whether or not those who chose not to know God, did seek Him because they were now tormented, and only could hope for another chance, as they were leaving this world. Since that is not a present possibility, the remaining similar findings must be taken into account. These similarities bring up a puzzling question. Are the natures of one who chooses God and one who does not choose God the same? In light of the evidence of such a reality in the above description, in conclusion one can say that they are the same in nature. This strange, but intriguing finding brings cause for deeper investigation. If the nature of every individual is seemingly similar in its vast infinitude of possible qualities, then one must look at what difference lies between one who chooses God and on who does not choose God. The main and most significant difference between them is the choice itself. Then in essence, it has nothing to do really with the nature of the individual, b ut the choice that she makes about the relationship she is going to have with God. This brings the investigation to the second part of the two-fold question. If God decrees the most perfect outcome for man, why would such a notion or nature (a nature of a person who does not choose God) be created and manifested within that individual? Well, it must be suggested that the nature each human being is given has the same potential psychological and social qualities of each other. This has become evident. Leibniz states in his discourse that, God gives each person a nature that has only the perfect outcome intended. Thus, you will be given the best end pending on what qualities you are inclined to choose. If one chooses to know God, she will receive a life that is perfectly befitting of that choice. All the potential and possible circumstances, experiences, and conclusions will be in the thoughts of God, and will only be revealed to the individual in a finite way, though she possesses it in its entirety within her. And just like the person who has chosen God, the person who has not chosen God will receive her perfect outcome. If it is to be a life of torment and suffering, this is the perfect and good life according to the choices she makes inclined by her nature. Thus it can be stated, that the psychological and social qualities of human nature are the same. This being so, it is the choice one makes that determines if God will be sought after or not. The perfect end is decreed by God. It is the responsibility of the individual, what life path he will take according to his inclining nature. The choice is left up to the individual. And the choice concerning this matter of God, can easily be summed up in Blaise Pascal’s wager; either you choose for God, or you do not choose for God. But as fate deems it, as you are born, so must you choose!!!! Philosophy

Qs Registration free essay sample

Question 1 The Construction Industry is a complex and unique compared to other due to its characteristic. Some of the characteristic of this industry is it involve many key players from either from inside or outside of this industry i. e. normally when someone said construction, the image of building, contractor, architect will cross into mind however, that only a basic key player; there are lots of them outside like arbitrator, local authorities, bankers and etc. to narrow down this issue, the profession normally involve are like architect, engineer, contractor and quantity surveyor. All these types of profession have their own responsibility and works towards the construction. However, each of them must be registered profession before start the works in order to have an authority in each profession later on. For example, for the quantity surveyor, they have two governing body that must be known and registered i. e. Board of Quantity Surveyor Malaysia (BQSM) and Institution of Surveyor Malaysia (ISM). We will write a custom essay sample on Qs Registration or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page First of all the governing body that a quantity surveyor must be involves with is BQSM. BQSM was made by an Act of Parliament which is the Registration of Quantity Surveyor s Act 1967, Act 1967, Act 487 (revised 1992). The board comprised of a president, who is a register members of quantity surveyor, and sixteen (16) of members which are appointed by the Minister of Works Malaysia i. e. five members holding the office in Public Service of Malaysia, five registered quantity surveyor that have at least six years working; involve with Malaysian construction industry and this five consist of four from consulting practice and one from private sector. One from any institution of higher learning, one from nomination of Board of Architect, and one rom Board of Engineers and two ore are nomination from the president. Furthermore, each of the members in the BQSM is appointed in term according to the QS Act 1967 (Revised 2002) normally in 3 years stages. In addition, this board also will act as a body for registration of quantity surveyor and practice firms consulting of quantity surveyor. This board is a body corporate body with unending chain and common seal and which may sue and be sued. According to Section 4 under QS Act 1967 (Revised 2002), there are several function of the BQSM stated like the quantity surveyor must be a registered with the oard first before working and apply all the quantity practice to the community. The board has the authority either to approve or disapproved the registration of a quantity surveyor and/or the practice i. e. the firm itself. BQSM also will act like an advisor to the quantity surveying firm practice such as in case related to the issue of registration of the quantity surveyor. For example, the written notice will be send from BQSM to the misconduct quantity surveyor regarding either warning, summon or other actions that can be taken. to time, with the approval of the Minister of Public Works. The scales of fees and charge for the provision of consulting quantity surveying services will be in board control. Next is to settle the disputes that arise in the quantity surveying profession. Moreover, the board also has the power to appoint the committee or arbitrator in order to settle that dispute. The disputes here mean only relating to professional conduct or ethics of registered, registered graduate or temporary registered quantity surveyors. Another function of BQSM is to act as a stakeholder in a contract for consulting quantity surveying practice in Malaysia. After that, the board is the one who will decide and determine what the codes are and conduct for the quantity surveyor. Therefore these codes will be the rules and the guide for each registered members. The BQSM also functioned in giving the quantity surveyor any information regarding the industry by held the various programs i. e. developments programs in order to make sure the practice by the members are archive the standard require as a quantity surveyor. For example, the BQSM sometime conduct a seminar on the cost control and QS profession at the universities to give students clear and details nformation regarding the QS world. Before someone qualified to be a fully register quantity surveyor. He or she must enter and pass all the tests and exams that be conducted by the BQSM. The exam will be held by the board every years normally. Next, the examiners also will be the responsibility or the BQSM to decide i. e. the board will appoint persons or a body or institutions to be the examiner. Furthermore, the board also has the power to appoint whoever they want in giving recommendation regarding the examinations for the purpose of qualifying for admission to the profession. As we know, the construction involved many professions and each of them have their own board that supervise and organized like Board of Engineer and Board of Architect. In these boards, there a person that is from BQSM members that appointed by the board itself i. e. registered quantity surveyor to act on behalf of the BQSM in that organization. Furthermore, this not only focus ton these two boards only, but whatever board that are related to the profession of quantity surveying. The BQSM also concern about the studies programs and the students itself especially the students that are study in the quantity surveying practice. Therefore, to make sure they pass and graduate without having any difficulties, the board can provide the scholarship for any of them that interested to get the scholar from the BQSM. Next is to authorize any person to investigate the commission of any offence under this Act or any rules made under this Act i. e. the Quantity Surveyors Act 1967. In the other hands, the ISM is an organization that combine all the surveyors profession like quantity surveyor, land surveyor, building surveyor, general practice such as Building Surveyor, General Land Surveyor, Property Consultancy and Valuation Surveying and Quantity Surveyor. The main reason of ISM was made is to secure the advancement and facilitate the acquisition of that knowledge which constitutes the profession of a surveyor in the industry. Firstly, to make sure that the surveyors profession are widely known and recognized as a professional profession level same as other profession in the construction industry like architect, engineer, contractor and other specialist. Next is to encourage the works of the surveyors up to excellent level and satisfied the needs and requirement of the industry nowadays. Furthermore, another main function this nstitution is to combine and gather all the surveyors profession together and then become a centre of the excellent for them i. e. assist and guide the surveyors until their success in their profession. Another function ISM is to promote and improve the standard of the professional practice and also ethics of the surveyors by organized development programs either in collaboration with BQSM or not. The welfare and rights of the surveyors also will be taken in account by ISM which is similar with BQSM. ISM also will be responsible for expanding the surveyors practice i. e. by incorporating related disciplines into our rofession. Therefore, the surveyors profession not only widely related but also become a well known profession later on. No matter what will comes later on, both body which are BQSM and ISM is there to promote the general interests of the profession and to maintain and extend its usefulness for the public advantage.

Paul Signac Biography essays

Paul Signac Biography essays Paul Signac was a French postimpressionist painter who was born in Paris and was one of the originators of the technique known as pointillism. In 1884 Signac began associating with French painter Georges Seurat, and by his influence Signac abandoned painting with short brushstrokes and started experimenting with scientifically arranged dots of pure color. His fame led him to meet with many different Paul Signac was born in 1863Â  and began to paint in 1880. He attended the Academy of Bing in 1883 and became interested in Monets style. In 1884 he was a co-founder of the Independents and became friendly with Seurat. Together they invented a new technique for painting known as pointillism. Pointillism is a late 19th-century method of painting, consisting of depositing small dots or strokes of pure color on the canvas. Seen from a distance, these points blend and give the effect of a different color and heightened luminosity. The style was a development of Signacs association with Seurat convinced him to drop the paintbrush with the short brushstrokes and to pick up pointillism. Seurat influenced Signac to abandon the short brushstrokes. He urged him to start painting with scientifically juxtaposed dots of pure color pigment to create a larger overall effect of the work on the consumer. With Seurats help and influence, the two went on to create pointillism. Paul Signacs work was becoming popular among the better artists of the time, and caused him to have many influential acquaintances. In 1887 he went with Seurat to Brussels and for the first time visited the Mediterranean. In 1888 he exhibited for the first time with Les XX in Brussels. In 1889 he visited van Gogh at Arles. In 1890 he made the first visit to Italy and became the first member of Les XX. He visited Holland ...

Top university rankings

Top university rankings University Oxford Tops Top places institutions struggle to obtain the highest places in the world scale rankings, since having all possible awards and honors; they struggle for the world’s recognition. It is something like sport race in academic circles. Having established huge research base and lecturing staff these educational giants compete in the quantity of trans-border students, researches and international prospect. There are the queues of students, who want to enter universities with the position in the top possible ranking and only the best of the best achieve this. Lucky owners of diplomas from these universities have all doors to successful carrier open before them. For the last five years California Institute of Technology occupied the leading place in regard to Times Higher Education table of the best universities. This year Oxford took the first place and made California Technology Institute to be put to a lower position (2nd place). New view on the British education Since the European Union membership referendum of the United Kingdom of 2016 there appeared a threat that it would reflect the attitude of many countries in regard to many spheres of the UK. And this point also has to do with education, as now the treatment of the UK education and its institutions by the international students can greatly change. The referendum seemingly already disturbs some incertitude in this sector and new changes appear in it. For example, the ability for some researchers and lecturers to cooperate with other European scientists underwent some shifts. Now it is not so easy for them to lead the mutual work in many educational aspects and scientific researches. The possibility to carry out some international education conferences and symposiums between the British institutions and those, which are located in other states in Europe is significantly lower, that before. Of course, as of now, this point is not of a great concern, but nevertheless, it visibly brought new issues and troubles. This year the British are the best The results shown this year in regard to the best institutions board of the Times Higher Education of world-wide leaderboard of universities undoubtedly make the United Kingdom proud. Oxford University, the oldest in regard to the English speaking world, became the first in the world ranking, leaving behind other institutions, and in particular, California Institute of Technology, which was the 1st past year. It should be noted that this year’s rankings results also showed the streaming moving up of Asian universities, coming to 25 best in the world. This means that institutions of the US and those in Europe, which so long possessed the superiority in regard to education, gave way to Asian universities concerning some points. These shifts cannot leave indifferent even the biggest skeptics, which prove that new times sometimes bring unexpected and unpredictable things. Oxford is the leader University of Oxford is known to be the university with the richest far-back history in English speaking world that was founded in about 1096 and since then remained one of the best institutions worldwide in all times. Thousands of trans-border multicountry students come to it for one of the best possible educations on the globe each year. Placed always in the top 10 universities in the world scale, it proved to provide the front-rank education, study conditions, scientific researches etc. at any time. In 2017 Oxford is the first in line worldwide not only in the Times Higher Education World University Rankings, but also in the Forbes's World University Rankings. Oxford was also recognized as one of the world’s â€Å"six super brands† in regard to World Reputation Rankings. And concerning the World University Rankings (QS) in relation to Subject, Oxford University obtained the first position in the list in relation to the Humanities disciplines, such as English Language and Literature, History and Geography. It can be stated that, no matter what time is nearby and what attitudes the world’s society can have, the rooted traditions prove to be the best. This is what can be said of the University of Oxford – the one that was always the leader and remains the one, no matter what.

Discussion Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

Discussion - Essay Example Personality characteristics, such as shyness, or a reluctance to be frank with people not known on a personal level, also come into play. These barriers can be overcome by gathering regular feedback and arranging meetings in which the team members make physical contact and have an idea of whom they are working with. Technological training is essential for every member to be comfortable with the software used. When Virtual Communication is reinforced by written and spoken communication, the margin for error decreases. Communication Barriers are usually centered on different perceptions of work expectations and are often aggravated when the supervisor resorts to indirect channels such as e-mails, where the chances are high that the meaning of the message gets distorted. The employee may not be comfortable with the computer technology used. Even a telephone line with noise distortion can pose a barrier to communication. The employee, who differs culturally from the supervisor in terms of education, economic background, religious beliefs and other personal traits, may misinterpret the supervisors’ communication, particularly when a language barrier exists and the employee is not fluent in the language or the jargon of the work place. Emotional overtones also tend to confuse the receiver of the message. These barriers can be overcome by the supervisor having a clear idea of his expectations from the employee, communicating on a face to face basis, using gestures and other non-verbal clues to r einforce the message, using a noise free, relaxed environment, reducing the links in the channel of communication, gathering employee feedback and regularly monitoring performance. Corporate ethics can be subjected to various interpretations, particularly in the context of cultural differences. The Japanese business culture, in which expensive gifts are considered a symbol of the esteem in which the business is held, is opposed to our perception of gifts as bribes and

Why was World War I and its aftermath considered to be the major Essay

Why was World War I and its aftermath considered to be the major turning point in Middle Eastern affairs and the main determinant of the political situation there today - Essay Example The defeat of the German meant their initial territories were to be taken over by the British, French and their allies. The Middle East was previously under the ottoman rule. The region was highlight regarded as a German stronghold. The Sykes-picot treaty reshaped the Middle East (Kamrava, 2005). This gave way for the change of guard and the domination of the French and British. The Middle East was partitioned into spheres as a means of sharing the countries between the two European powerhouses (Ulrichsen, 2014). The New League Nation placed a compulsory rule and the French took over Syria and Lebanon while the British took over the remaining territory. The continuous stay of the European rule led to revolutions. The region was fighting for self-rule and governance. The resistant nature of the natives created a tense moment between the European nations and the Middle East nation was the beginning of political hostility. The region has played host to a number of political conflicts. The friction between the two regions has created interested from the east. The European nations on one side fought for the status quo while the Middle East fought for self-governance. The availability of oil and other natural resources created interest from countries as far as the USA (Ulrichsen, 2014). The region has remained a center of conflict between the west and the natives. High political hostility has shaped the modern day middle

Holiday representatives Essay Example for Free

Holiday representatives Essay I am a property rep this is a person that represents the tour operator when you are on holiday this could be for health reasons or quires and to sell excursions. The property rep has many roles and responsibilities the main focus is to look after the holidaymakers. The property rep is responsible for customers in a number of different hotels and apartments or villas in resorts. I am always on the frontline and I am always representing my tour operator. My job has a lot of work involved, for example we can easily get bad reputation from careless property reps, which gives us a bad image, and a tour operator gets a bad image to. As I have said I am on the frontline of my tour operator so I should always be on the right path and do my work to the best of my ability and show that my tour operator is good so that it can get repeat business. If we dont represent our tour operator in a good way people will stop using them, which will come back to us, and we will be viewed and our jobs will be on the line. I am on the frontline of customer service to our customers and it must be impeccable and of high standards this will give us both a good image and customers will be happy which makes my job more enjoyable. There are two types of customer service guests get the 1st one is at the travel agent and this is very important. The last one is with the property rep, which is the last contact the guests get with the tour operator and the last contact is one you remember more, so the better customer service the more repeat business and better competitive advantage.

Anti-bullying Policies Essay -- Social Issues, Bullies

According to the work of psychologist David Smith, 57 percent of anti-bullying policies did nothing, 14 percent helped slightly, and 29 percent even made the problem worse (Smith, Schneider, Smith, and Ananiadou 547-560). Every day we see news of â€Å"innocent teasing† escalating into death threatening violence. Yet each day, year after year schools are using the same old methods, attempting to solve this very big problem with little temporary solutions. It is no secret that the bullying problem is not being handled correctly by American schools. The number one problem with America’s â€Å"anti-bullying programs† is that schools are helping the wrong person. The programs focus on helping bullies, mediating bullies, changing bullies. Bullies are not the ones who need help, bullies are not the ones getting hurt, victims are the ones who need help. Bullying will never stop, â€Å"it’s inevitable, a natural byproduct of human nature†(Morgan 1). Even if all bullies were eliminated new bullies would arise because it is all about the imbalance of power. Verbal bullying is not even against the law, in fact it is protected by the first amendment, freedom of speech. In this conundrum yet to be solved victims are the ones killing themselves. Victims are the ones bringing guns into schools and shooting people. Victims need to be taught to stand up for themselves. The only way bullying is going to stop is if we remove its power by teaching victims and leveling the playing field. The idea that American schools often fail to realize is that bullying is almost never just between two kids. There are often a pack of bullies or even more common bystanders that encourage and â€Å"add fuel to the fire.† In one study results, â€Å"showed that bystanders were involved in... ...chers have heavier workloads or have less support by their administrators they are usually less empathetic to victims. Now not only are teachers connected to bullying incidents but so are administrators. If we want to help bullying victims we must inspect every aspect of the problem. With school shootings and constant outbreaks of bullying in the media it is obvious that American schools are not approaching the bullying problem correctly. However there is hope for a brighter future. When going up against bullying we can not just concentrate on one piece of the puzzle. We have to mediate not only the bullies, but the victims, and any other factors contributing to the problem. If American schools reevaluate their programs, shift their focus towards changing old mindsets placed upon us at a young age, and look at the bigger picture, than we truly can be united as one.

Corporate strategy Essay

Content Question 1 P.ii-iii Using Michael Porter’s five force model, evaluate the importance of Barriers to Entry to the fast-fashion industry. Support your arguments with evidence from the case study. Question 2 P.iv-vi Conduct a value chain analysis to assess H&M’s capabilities and derive its core competencies. Question 3 P.vii Based on these competencies identify the generic competitive strategy which H&M is pursuing. Question 4 P.viii-ix It is suggested in the case study that the fashion industry is full of companies that have confidently expanded into international markets but later have been forced to retreat. Analyze the international strategy choice being pursued by H&M and assess the extent to which this is appropriate for its future development. Reference P.x Appendix P.xi-xii Question 1 The threat of entry of the fast-fashion industry is relating to its attractiveness, which is how profitable it is. The less new entrants are in the industry, the more stable the revenue of the firms are. Hence, several sources of barriers to entry are setting up in most of the industries to lower the threat of new entrants. Product differentiation of a firm can make themselves being unique from other branches which brings with a certain amount of loyal customers to them. Due to the economic growth, people are willing to spend not only for necessity, but also for stylish life style. The uniqueness of the product become one of the most important advantages to increase their customers’ loyalty. The entry barrier will be higher with product differentiation. Access to channels of supply and distribution is very important in the fast fashion industry. With the rapid development of  Internet, thousands of suppliers in the fast-fashion industry can be found in a second. In order to build up comparative advantage, retailers tend to find out supplier who provide the best quality with the least cost. Since larger firms can build up a good relationship with suppliers easily, due to the volume of orders and reputation of firms, new entrants are difficult to compete with them with their business size and bargaining power. H&M, one of the major retailer in the fast-fashion industry, she worked with 747 suppliers in which 150 of them are long-term strategic partners. It is difficult for the potential entrants to compete with her as they have been cooperate for long time. Economies of scale is an important barrier for the fast-fashion industry. It is because the larger the firm size, the easier the level of efficiency can achieve. The maximum volume of production keeps increasing for factories due to the improvement of technology. Mass production by large firms enables them to fully utilize their production capacity where small stores cannot. Also, they are more capable to outsource their production in low-wage region, like Africa and South Asia, which lower their production cost. Moreover, large firm are easier in building brands in multiple outlets, like GU for UNIQLO. As there are several existing major retailers are in the industry, the expected retaliation makes the new companies difficult to enter the industry. Since the major retailers are in good relationship with their supplier and a greater extent in economies of scale. They are able to attack new entrants with different strategy, like cutting prices. The capital requirement to enter the fast-fashion industry is low. The major reason is that the industry is free to enter. There are a loads of single independent store in the industry which they can choose their products from thousands of suppliers and sell to customers through different ways. The low capital requirement makes new companies enter the industry easier. There are no barriers erected by the government to enter the industry. As it is freely entrance, it enables new competitors to enter the industry easily. In conclusion, although the fast-fashion industry are free to enter with low capital outlay, the entry barrier are still high since the existing major retailer can provide differentiate products with access to channels of supplier and distribution. They also enjoy a greater economies of scale which enable them to attack new entrants in different ways. Question 2 There are many activities involved in running a business, both primary and secondary, which add value to the customer and increases the margin to the organization. In the H&M case, there are also involve several activities which forms core competencies for the firms. Primary activities comprise operation, marketing, service, outbound logistic and inbound logistic. Operation in H&M tends to empower their employees to make decisions. For instance, the window display of each store are guided but each store can have their own style which build up the uniqueness of each store to adapt the characteristics of customers in each region. In the aspect of marketing and social media, H&M promote their stylish design through different social network, like Facebook and Twitter etc. Information will be spread quickly through internet as people used to share their daily lives to public on the net. It strengthens the social awareness of H&M. To enhance their service, H&M develop a smartphone app to promote their new collection and provide information about H&M. it convenient the customers, since most of the people are using smartphone and customer can easily gather information of H&M once they have downloaded the app. It strengthen the relationship between itself and customer. The logistic system of H&M are well-developed. H&M has an integrated logistic system which helps stores not to hold stock in their warehouse and transfer stock internally from different region. The system prevent the situation that stock stuck in stores and enable stores to swift the item they need from other region to satisfy the customer needs. The inbound logistic avoid the middleman which lower the cost. It is, however, the lack of middleman will increase the time for finding the suitable material or supplier. The production cost may increase if a middleman is not hired. Secondary activities include firm infrastructure, human resource management, technology and procurement. The firm’s vision and mission set up an organizational culture which is benefit to the firm. Team work, entrepreneurial spirit and cost conscious are included in H&M’s core values. Each activity are following these values that organizational goals can be easier to achieve. The technology of H&M adds value to the whole operation process of the firms. It builds up a channel between designers and customers which designer can know about the latest trend. It also provides information  to stores to know about the needs of customers for the swift of stock. The production cost reduces with the assistance of the technology. The procurement of H&M reduces cost by diversifying their suppliers in different region around the world. There are about 750 suppliers worked with H&M. They are from some low-wage region, like Far East. To ensure quality of the production, H&M also audit their supplier to stick with their objective of â€Å"low cost, high quality†. The human resource management of H&M cultivate their staff to be responsible as a part of their store. It increases the loyalty of the employees to H&M which they are willing to maximize the interest of H&M. Also, they hire people who fits the core value of the firms. It strengthen the quality of staff and make sure they work with the firm’s core value. Value chain exists if there are linkages among the activities above. As the firm’s infrastructure defined the core value of H&M that they belief in people and team work. As a result, the human resource department have to hire people who has critical thinking and train staff to build up entrepreneurial spirit in their mind. With the assist of the secondary activities, the decentralization in operation can operate smoothly that staff will consider them as a part of the store. IT expert were employed to develop an IT system by the human resources department since H&M values a constant improvement. The development of technology in H&M helps with the outbound logistics. As there is program of is playing the top item in each stores. Managers can follow the data and swift inventory from region that have extra stock of the item. Also, the program can replenish stock when an item are going to be sold out that reduces the lead time and the distribution cost. The technology development in building up a smartphone app enhance the service to customers. It also setting up a channel between designers and store for the latest trend in the market to fulfill customers’ needs. The app also provide an opportunity for the marketing department to promote the new collections. In order to lower the production cost, a g ood procurement is important. The merchandizer finds out many potential suppliers in different region around the world. The IT department is involved in searching and storing the huge amount of information of the suppliers. Once the linkages are well-developed, core competence will be generated. It also can be examined by the VRIN test. The operating style of H&M of empowering staff for decision making is a core  competency of H&M. As it is valuable to the firm since the loyalty of staff ensure the efficiency of them and they are willing to maximize the sales of their store. It is rare, substitution and difficult to imitate for the loyalty of staff since personality cannot be duplicated. The logistic system of H&M is also a core competency of H&M. As the system can reduce distribution cost and satisfy the demand of customer. Thus, it is valuable to H&M. Also, the knowledge of the IT experts cannot imitate. The system is rare in the market as most of the firms transfer stock from warehouse to stores instead of inter-stores transfer. Also, it is no substitutable due to the uniqueness of the distribution process from store to store. In conclusion, there are many activities involved in the business of H&M and they are linked to add value to the company. The operating style and the logistic system become the core competencies of H&M eventually. Question 3 Generic corporate strategy comprises the choice of lowering cost and differentiation. There is a chance for a firm to adopt a hybrid strategy which integrated in both aspects. According to the discussion above, H&M’s are adopting a hybrid strategy. H&M put a huge effort into reducing the production cost. For instance, the logistic system, that is, the core competency, reduce the distribution cost since the internal swift of inventory are more efficient instead of the traditional transfer method from warehouse to stores. H&M also reducing the cost by enjoying the economies of scale since it outsourced to low-cost country in Far East and South Asia. With their mass production, the production cost will reduce. Despite of low cost, H&M also pay attention to differentiate itself from other competitors. Since the management philosophy is being ‘Fashion and quality at the best price’. Thus, there are about 200 in-house designers employed to design to forecast the latest trend and design to meet the customer satisfaction. Also, H&M audit the supplier to ensure the quality. With the high standard of quality for the products, H&M can differentiate from other competitor with a relatively reasonable low price. H&M adopt an integrated strategy to compete in the industry. The constant improvement in technology reduce the production cost and the fundamental value confirms their direction to be different from others. Question 4 The Integrated Responsiveness Grid is a method to help organization to decide their international strategy. Through filling up the score sheet, as shown in the appendix, H&M is able to position their international strategy. For the global factors, it is the score of whether H&M should adopt global strategy. In factor A, since the fashion is a global trend, design across are usually with not much difference. The only factor affects the design is the customs of each region, which have little influence on the design. Thus, a score of 4 in A is awarded. In factor B, there are not much standard for the industry. Thus, a score of 2 in B is awarded. In factor C, customer tends to buy locally in the industry. However, there are also ordering service from other countries. Thus, a score of 4 in C is awarded. In factor D, economies of scale is important to the fast-fashion industry. Since the greater extend of economies of scale the firm enjoy, the lower the average production it is. Thus, a score of 5 in D is awarded. In factor E, due to the nature of the industry, a quick response is needed to satisfy the customers due to the unpredictable fashion trend. Thus, a score of 5 in E is awarded. In factor F, technical requirement for fast-fashion is low. However, there is a little influence on the culture factors for fashion design. Thus, a score of 2 in F is awarded. In factor G, since the market situation in different regions are different. The operating method may not be the same among regions. However, the experience in other region can be as a reference for the new stores. Thus, a score of 3 in G is awarded. In factor H, there are a thousands of small competitors in the fast-fashion industry who are focus the local market. However, there are several major competitors who pursue global strategy that is more influential to H&M. Thus, a score of 4 in H is awarded. In factor I, customer behavior towards fashion is more the less the same in different regions. However, the purchasing pattern may vary due to the different purchasing power in different area. Thus, a score of 3 in I is awarded. In factor J, creativity is important to fashion industry which makes a huge demand in designer that are the experts in this area. Thus, a score of 5 in J is awarded. The global integration score is: (4+2+4+5+5+2+3+4+3+5)/10 = 3.7 Factor K to O refers to the local responsiveness score. In factor K, since clothing is a kind of necessity so price may not very different across country. Thus, a score of 1 in K is awarded. In factor L, distribution channel are the same across countries. Thus, a score of 1 in L is awarded. In factor M, as the industry regulation has little difference in different are. Thus, a score of 1 in A is awarded. In factor N, fashion is about trends and customer satisfaction, customer is the main role of the industry, a high customization is required. Thus, a score of 5 in N is awarded. In factor O, as firms usually produce in low-cost region and transfer to local stores, transportation cost is not so different in different countries. However, a customer interface is needed to adapt customers’ opinion. Thus, a score of 3 in O is awarded. The local responsiveness score: (1+1+1+5+3)/5 = 2.2 According to the score sheet, as shown in the grid in appendix, H&M are suggested to adopt global strategy. Reference Regner, p and Yildiz (2014). H&M in fast fashion: continued success? Exploring strategy. pp. 575-582. Lasserre, Philipe (2007). The global integration/local responsiveness grid. Global strategic management. pp. 25-30 Johnson. G, Whittington. R, Scholes. K (2012). Fundamentals of strategy. 2nd ed. Edinburgh Gate: Pearson Prentice Hall.

Factors that influence learning Essay

Health Bad health can have a negative impact on a person’s learning. If a person is unwell they are unable to attend school, college or courses. For example, if a person has the flu, they could be unwell for two weeks. In those two weeks they could miss a substantial amount of learning time, leaving them behind with work & unable to move on with their learning at the same pace as their peers. Employment If a person is employed it can have a negative effect on their learning as well as a positive effect. For example; If a 6th form student is studying 4 A-levels and has a part-time job, they will barely have any free time. Resulting in them getting behind with work, not meeting deadlines. This can result in an extreme amount of stress. This is a negative effect on learning. Employment can also have a positive effect on learning, for example, if a person has a job they are going to be learning new skills in the work place. Care responsibilities Read more: Personal factors that affect child development essay If a person has care responsibilities, it can result in a negative effect on a person’s learning. For example; If a student is a young career, and they have to look after a parent, they may be missing a lot of time off school or college to do so, meaning they will be missing out on a lot of work. Also when they are attending school or college they may be worrying about what is happening at home why they aren’t there and if the person they are looking after is ok, this can mean they aren’t concentrating on the work they are supposed to be doing so they could be missing vital pieces of information. Access to a study centre Having or not having access to a study centre can affect a person’s learning. If a person has access to a study centre they will be able to learn more effectively, and complete work, revise and meet deadlines. Meaning they will be have a good learning experience. Although if a person is unable to access a study centre because of circumstances such as low income, they will be unable to learn effectively, complete work, revise or meet deadlines etc†¦ This means that they will fall behind with work and may not be able to achieve the things they would like to. Time Time can be a very huge factor that can influence a person’s learning. For example; if a person doesn’t have much free time they wouldn’t be able to achieve as much as they could if they had enough time to complete work, study and revise. Not having enough time can have a huge negative effect on a person’s learning. Also if a person has a lot of time to study etc†¦ they stand a better chance of achieving greater things, such as a person having a lot of time to revise for their A-level exams stand a better chance of progressing onto university because they are more than likely to achieve better grades than someone who struggles to find time. Specific learning needs If a person has specific learning needs such as dyslexia, and they are unable to access the resources they need such as extra support and coloured overlays, they will find it difficult to learn and may have an un-enjoyable learning experience. This will result in a negative learning experience. Funding for study Funding for study can have huge implications on a person’s learning experience. For example, if a student that is planning to go to university is unable to obtain the funding needed for the course they wish to do, they may be unable to do the course they require for their dream job. Resulting in a negative learning experience. Although if a person is able to get funding for a course at university, they will be able to study the degree they want and will be able to go onto do the job they may have always wanted. However receiving funding could in the long run have a negative effect, because the student maybe worrying about having to pay the grant back. Aspirations Having aspirations can have a positive effect on a person’s learning. This is because they may study harder in hope of achieving their aspirations. For example, a person who wishes to become a doctor later on will concentrate a lot harder than someone who doesn’t know what they want to do later in life,  because the person who aspires to be a doctor will know how hard they have to work to achieve the things needed to pursue such career. Learning styles Learning styles have an impact on a person’s learning experience. For example; If a person is a someone that learns by doing practical tasks and getting hands on, is stuck in a lecture just being dictated they aren’t going to have an enjoyable learning experience and are just going to switch off and not take in any information they are being told because they are bored, resulting in a negative learning experience. Motivation Motivation has an impact on learning experiences. For example; If a student has no motivation to do well, they will more than likely not bother doing any revision or pay attention in class, resulting in bad grades and the inability to move on to higher education or a job because they have been unable to achieve the necessary requirements to do so, resulting in a negative learning experience.

Free Essays on Great Gatsby-1920s

Characters’ personalities, interests and identities will develop throughout a novel. In a successful novel, a character must continue to grow throughout and learn through their experiences and others’. The characters' search of their own identities and the struggle that ensues is the most central theme throughout The Great Gatsby by F. Scott Fitzgerald. They have no true morals or ideals of themselves as individuals. These are a group of people who no matter how self-confident and self-absorbed they seem to be, have absolutely no idea of what they are to do as individuals. Tom and Daisy are two prime examples. The fact that we never really know the characters, and the corrupt immoral things they do, directly represent the 20's high society lifestyle. The characters continued to cheat on their spouses, let money become their obsession, and debate the American dream for the hopes of one day obtaining happiness. Daisy is a friendly character who has a love for parties. She tends to lose herself in them while drinking. Daisy once said, "What'll we do with ourselves this afternoon, and the day after that, and the next thirty years?" (46) This quote not only means she lives for one day at a time, never thinking of the future, but that she truly has no idea of what to do to occupy herself. Daisy thinks of herself as a highly successful person, someone much more important than she is in reality, â€Å"I’ve been everywhere and seen everything and done everything †¦ Sophisticated - God, I’m sophisticated!† (22) She is like loose change floating around, wandering from party to party, man to man, friend to friend, in a big house in East Egg with no sense of purpose. She once attempted to plan something when she first reunited with Nick. She said, "What'll we plan? What do people plan?" (17) meaning she has never had to make decisions nor has she had much responsibility. Not only does she have no pu! rpose, she has no morals. She killed... Free Essays on Great Gatsby-1920s Free Essays on Great Gatsby-1920s Characters’ personalities, interests and identities will develop throughout a novel. In a successful novel, a character must continue to grow throughout and learn through their experiences and others’. The characters' search of their own identities and the struggle that ensues is the most central theme throughout The Great Gatsby by F. Scott Fitzgerald. They have no true morals or ideals of themselves as individuals. These are a group of people who no matter how self-confident and self-absorbed they seem to be, have absolutely no idea of what they are to do as individuals. Tom and Daisy are two prime examples. The fact that we never really know the characters, and the corrupt immoral things they do, directly represent the 20's high society lifestyle. The characters continued to cheat on their spouses, let money become their obsession, and debate the American dream for the hopes of one day obtaining happiness. Daisy is a friendly character who has a love for parties. She tends to lose herself in them while drinking. Daisy once said, "What'll we do with ourselves this afternoon, and the day after that, and the next thirty years?" (46) This quote not only means she lives for one day at a time, never thinking of the future, but that she truly has no idea of what to do to occupy herself. Daisy thinks of herself as a highly successful person, someone much more important than she is in reality, â€Å"I’ve been everywhere and seen everything and done everything †¦ Sophisticated - God, I’m sophisticated!† (22) She is like loose change floating around, wandering from party to party, man to man, friend to friend, in a big house in East Egg with no sense of purpose. She once attempted to plan something when she first reunited with Nick. She said, "What'll we plan? What do people plan?" (17) meaning she has never had to make decisions nor has she had much responsibility. Not only does she have no pu! rpose, she has no morals. She killed...

Book Summary On Presentation Of Self

Book Summary On Presentation Of Self Introduction The presentation of oneself is based on the observation of an individual through comparing the life of him and the other people. Because of that inspiration of determining the revolutions that are found in the society, the roles and relationships that are found can affect the value of an individual and the idea on how he can describe himself from other people. Due to the intensive curiosity of an individual in life and his environment, there are studies that stress out the possible explanation on how to describe the changes in the earnest way. Various sociological models and approaches were presented to show the connection of the man in his environment. The interaction of the people in the social life is presented by the Erving Goffman in his dramaturgical model that attempts to see the society in a lighter sense. The Key Ideas Erving Goffman prepared the key ideas behind the discussion on the values wherein the ideas in theorizing the social roles and relations that ar e present in the contemporary society. According to the book of Goffman, the individual performs a certain role, which varies according to their audience. Those individuals as actors have an intention in manipulating the role that they play for the purpose of managing others impressions of them. Usually, this occurs through the interaction of the individuals in their everyday life. Since the society presents the interactions that usually matters with the human social relations or group of life, there is a natural involvement of disciplines that goes right with the study of sociology including the economics, political science, and psychology because they all fall within the topic of human society. Goffman, presented the theory that suggests that individuals engage in a significant amount of expressive manipulation along several fronts. Goffman likened his ideas to a theatre because â€Å"individuals are, in essence, dramatic actors on a stage playing parts dictated by culture† and this is the goal of such a presentation is acceptance from the audience through manipulation. If the actor succeeds, then they will be viewed as they desired by the audience. Goffman argues that the key to this success is to control which information the audience has access to (Goffman, 1959). Unlike the sociological theories wherein the individuals are linked with the disciplines early states, Goffman’s dramaturgical model outlines the existence of the human’s perspective on the stages where as an actor he usually plays. Giddens (2009) suggests that front regions are situations where individuals act out formal roles, essentially when they are ‘on-stage’. Performances in front regions often require teamwork in order to be successful. Impression management also occurs in the front regions as the actor is trying to give the audience certain impressions of himself. Goffman suggests that â€Å"when an individual appears before others, he will have many m otives for trying to control the situation†. In contrast, back regions (of the stage) are where individuals or performance teams prepare themselves for their roles. Goffman implies that it is where teams discuss and rehearse their performance before they enter the front stage. Props can also be used to aid an actor in their performance and they are assembled in the back region. These props assist an actor in convincing the audience that their performance is true. For example, a waitress in a restaurant would use a notepad and paper to take an order, to help convince her audience (customers) that her performance is true. Goffman indicated that the two regions are connected by a â€Å"guarded passageway†. This stops public performances being shattered by an inadvertent look from an audience member. If an individual’s performance is weak, the audience will see through it. â€Å"The phenomenon of embarrassment is where the actor acts ineffectually or is unable to su stain their expected role. This leads to them being excluded from full participation in society, which demonstrates the importance of maintaining the appearance of being a competent social actor. The dramaturgical models value in theorizing social roles and relations in contemporary society is open to discussion. Goffman’s ideas are praised for having had a â€Å"profound influence† on sociology as a discipline. On his book, it clearly states that Goffman uses the dramaturgical metaphor as his contribution in the field of sociology. He acknowledges the most stimulating and thought-provoking contributions to sociology which made the sociologists today refer to his work, especially for examples on how to carry out micro sociological work.

Building on the Work of Others as an Integral Part of Originality Essay - 4

Building on the Work of Others as an Integral Part of Originality - Essay Example According to the research findings, the definition of original could be something like â€Å"builds off of previous works in the field to make something new in some important way.† The reason creating a definition of original has to focus on using other people’s ideas is that using someone else’s ideas *has* to be part of creating anything new. Otherwise, creation will just be a constant process of reinventing the wheel. This is a problem in several important ways. Firstly, creating something new, that is not based on someone else’s ideas, takes a lot more time and effort – imagine what the world would be like if every single person who wanted to use the computer had to invent their own language for programming it, their own operating systems and so on. So the process of progress, of creating new thing has to use other people’s ideas to save time and energy, and actually, have time to do something new or original with it. Without this time sa ving it would be nearly impossible to actually spend any time on a true invention. Not only does creating something from scratch take a great deal more time than using other people’s ideas and building off of them, but it also actually helps promote original things (that is, things that look different or operate differently from what came before them). If someone was trying to design a car, for instance, without ever having looked at a car before, they would probably create something that looked a great deal like early automobiles, because those were simple and natural designs. But if someone were to look at cutting-edge designs like a 2012 Porsche or Cadillac, use those as a starting point, and then move forward by adding or subtracting features, streamlining here or making more elegant there, then the work would look different than what came before.

(find Article about training and summarize) Essay

(find Article about training and summarize) - Essay Example Regardless of the sport-required metabolic demands, many coaches have continually stuck to the strategy. Most sporting activities do not require continuous sub-maximal movements. However, these sports require periods of high-intensity effort comprising of maximal bursts of speed and durations of minimal activity. Aerobic interval training concentrates on the provision of more sport-detailed training intensity. It ensures that an athlete enjoys greater training stimuli that can be utilized in the muscles, and applied in specific sporting activities. Aerobic interval training can also apply advanced methods for gaining endurance, particularly for some athletes seeking to achieve continuity in aerobic fitness levels (Ballantyne, 2006). In such cases, intensity of training is higher those of common aerobic training sessions. In fact, during the first attempts, exercise stimulus may be damaging to the muscles, and can lead to muscle soreness as the training sessions continues in later days. It is, therefore, essential that athletes should be advised to develop endurance and muscle strength prior to the inception of full blown training sessions. To be able to achieve that, it is highly suggested that athletes participate in special, short term programs of aerobic exercises before the start of intense exercises. During the first two weeks of intense training, program should be conservative in nature (Ballantyne, 2006). This implies that, the training volume should be between 3 and 5 intervals so as to accustom the athletes’ joints and muscles to the intensity. Additionally, a specific and thorough warm up warm-up should be performed on top of pre and post-training flexibility routines. It is paramount to provide complete and adequate rest intervals between the training sessions. Such periods are necessary so as to enable sufficient recovery, and enhance high power output during the next training

How Apple INC supply issues effect the demand of its products such as Essay

How Apple INC supply issues effect the demand of its products such as Iphone, IPAD - Essay Example There are several types of supply theories abased on the nature of products. Generally we use the supply chain system based on following important components as given below. Factory: The factory is the basic component and the point of origination for any supply chain. If a factory has issues in the production, the whole supply chain will suffer due to lack of the goods or the quality of the supplied products depending upon the problem respectively. Distributor: The distributor has a supporting role for a company in a supply chain. He advises the company about the magnitude of the product to be manufactured. If a distributor is having issues then the supply chain will suffer due to the mismanagement in terms of faulty distribution. Stockist: A stockist acts as a filter between the distributor and the whole sellers as well as show rooms. The basic difference between a distributor and a stockist is that the distributor purchases the items as a bulk directly from the company while the st ockist purchases the items at a relatively smaller scale from the distributor depending upon the local requirements of the market. Whole sale: A whole seller acts as another filter between the retailers and bulk dealers. ... Retailers: They are the source of products for the end users by the help of company support & distributor’s good supply chain. They also play an effective role in satisfying the end user by giving product knowledge and guarantee and warranty as well. End users: End users are the main component of a business. Each and every company designs its marketing and production strategies to attract end users in the form of customers. They do it by facilitating the end users in different ways. CONSEQUENCES OF BREAKING OF SUPPLY CHAIN Companies invest heavily on generating customer demand about their product through advertising. Especially in smart phones, notepad, laptop industry customers have variable choices therefore, once the customer demand have been established the manufacturer has to ensure the continuous supply of the product to maintain the customer loyalty. Companies which fails to do so may loose their customer loyalty. Following are some key issues can be raised if supply li ne break at the time of demand: NEED OF A NEW MARKETING CAMPAIGN: Once the demand developed in the market by the advertising campaigns the supplier is supposed to fulfill the customer demand. Otherwise customer may turned to other vendors. In this competitive era each product has several rivals in the market. Therefore, once the customer would have turned aside towards other product line or manufactures then in such situations the company has to re design the old marketing strategies, because the customer mind may not have any effect from old marketing approaches. This new advertisements and marketing may cause a huge expense over the company sales. Therefore, companies are very careful in maintaining the supply line un-broken. FRANCHISE/DISTRIBUTOR, FIELD FORCE WILL LOOSE TRUST ON

Simply Supported And Cantilever Beams

Simply Supported And Cantilever Beams A beam is a structural member which safely carries loads i.e. without failing due to the applied loads. We will be restricted to beams of uniform cross-sectional area. Simply Supported Beam A beam that rests on two supports only along the length of the beam and is allowed to deflect freely when loads are applied. Note see section A of unit. Cantilever Beam A beam that is supported at one end only. The end could be built into a wall, bolted or welded to another structure for means of support. Point or Concentrated Load A load which acts at a particular point along the length of the beam. This load is commonly called a force (F) and is stated in Newtons (N). A mass may be converted into a force by multiplying by gravity whose value is constant at 9.81 m/s2. Uniformly Distributed Load (UDL) A load which is spread evenly over a given length of the beam. This may be the weight of the beam itself. The UDL is quoted as Newtons per metre (N/m). Beam Failure If excessive loads are used and the beam does not have the necessary material properties of strength then failure will occur. Failure may occur in two ways:- Calculating Shear Forces (we must use the shear force rule). When looking right of a section : downward forces are positive and upward forces are negative. When looking left of a section: downward forces are negative and upward forces are positive. Starting at point A and looking left: (note: the negative sign (-) means just to the left of the position and the positive sign (+) means just to the right of the position.) SFA = 0 kN SFA + = 6 kN An alternative method of drawing the shear force diagram is to follow the directions of each force on the line diagram.SFB = 6 kN SFB + = 6 kN SFC = 6 kN SFC + = 6 kN SFD = 6 kN SFD + = 6 12 = -6 kN SFE = 6 12 = -6 kN SFE + = 6 12 = -6 kN SFF = 6 12 = -6 kN SFF + = 6 12 = -6 kN SFG = 6 12 = -6 kN SFG + = 6 12 + 6 = 0 kN Note: the shear force at either end of a simply supported beam must equate to zero. Calculating Bending Moments (we must use the bending moment rule). When looking right of a section : downward forces are negative and upward forces are positive. When looking left of a section: downward forces are negative and upward forces are positive. section F F section F + F + Hogging Beam Sagging Beam Starting at point A and looking left: BMA = 0 kNm BMB = (6 x 1) = 6 kNm BMC = (6 x 2) = 12 kNm BMD = (6 x 3) = 18 kNm BME = (6 x 4) + ( -12 x 1) = 12 kNm BMF = (6 x 5) + ( -12 x 2) = 6 kNm BMG = (6 x 6) + ( -12 x 3) = 0 kNm Note: the bending moment at either end of a simply supported beam must equate to zero. The following page shows the line, shear force and bending moment diagrams for this beam. Simply Supported Beam with Point Load 6 m F E D C G B A 6 kN 6 kN F =12 kN Shear Force Diagram (kN) 0 0 -6 6 0 Line Diagram 12 12 18 6 0 6 Bending Moment Diagram (kNm) Max Tensile Stress SAGGING (+ve bending) Max Compressive Stress F F A maximum bending moment of 18 kNm occurs at position D. Note the shear force is zero at this point. Simply Supported Beam with Distributed Load UDL = 2 kN/m F E D C G B A 6 m RA The force from a UDL is considered to act at the UDL mid-point. e.g. if we take moments about D then the total force from the UDL (looking to the left) would be: (2 x 3) = 6 kN. This force must be multiplied by the distance from point D to the UDL mid point as shown below. e.g. Take moments about D, then the moment would be: (-6 x 1.5) = -9 kNm 1.5m UDL = 2 kN/m D C B A 3 m Taking moments about point D (looking left) We must first calculate the reactions RA and RG. We take moments about one of the reactions to calculate the other, therefore to find RA: Take moments about RG ÃŽ £Clockwise moments (CM) = ÃŽ £Anti-clockwise moments (ACM) RA x 6 = 2 x 6 x 3 RA = 6 kN now, ÃŽ £Upward Forces = ÃŽ £Downward Forces RA + RG = 2 x 6 6 + RG = 12 RG = 6 kN section F + F F F + Calculating Shear Forces (we must use the shear force rule). When looking right of a section : downward forces are positive and upward forces are negative. When looking left of a section: downward forces are negative and upward forces are positive. Starting at point A and looking left: (note: the negative sign (-) means just to the left of the position and the positive sign (+) means just to the right of the position.) SFA = 0 kN SFA + = 6 kN SFB = 6 (21) = 4 kN SFB + = 6 (21) = 4 kN SFC = 6 (22) = 2 kN SFC + = 6 (22) = 2 kN SFD = 6 (23) = 0 kN SFD + = 6 (23) = 0 kN SFE = 6 (24) = -2 kN SFE + = 6 (24) = -2 kN SFF = 6 (25) = -4 kN SFF + = 6 (25) = -4 kN SFG = 6 (26) = -6 kN SFG + = 6 (26) + 6 = 0 kN Note: the shear force at either end of a simply supported beam must equate to zero. Calculating Bending Moments (we must use the bending moment rule). When looking right of a section : downward forces are negative and upward forces are positive. When looking left of a section: downward forces are negative and upward forces are positive. section F F section F + F + Hogging Beam Sagging Beam Starting at point A and looking left: BMA = 0 kNm BMB = (6 x 1) + (-2 x 1 x 0.5) = 5 kNm BMC = (6 x 2) + (-2 x 2 x 1) = 8 kNm BMD = (6 x 3) + (-2 x 3 x 1.5) = 9 kNm BME = (6 x 4) + (-2 x 4 x 2) = 8 kNm BMF = (6 x 5) + + (-2 x 5 x 2.5 = 5 kNm BMG = (6 x 6) + + (-2 x 6 x 3) = 0 kNm Note: the bending moment at either end of a simply supported beam must equate to zero. The following page shows the line, shear force and bending moment diagrams for this beam. Simply Supported Beam with Distributed Load 4 2 0 -2 -4 UDL = 2 kN/m 6 m F E D C G B A Shear Force Diagram (kN) 0 0 -6 6 0 Line Diagram 8 8 9 5 0 Bending Moment Diagram (kNm) 5 6 kN 6 kN Max Tensile Stress SAGGING (+ve bending) Max Compressive Stress F F A maximum bending moment of 9 kNm occurs at position D. Note the shear force is zero at this point. Simply Supported Beam with Point Loads 6 m F E D C G B A RA RG F = 15 kN F = 30 kN We must first calculate the reactions RA and RG. We take moments about one of the reactions to calculate the other, therefore to find RA: Take moments about RG ÃŽ £Clockwise moments (CM) = ÃŽ £Anti-clockwise moments (ACM) RA x 6 = (15 x 4) + (30 x 2) RA = 20 kN now, ÃŽ £Upward Forces = ÃŽ £Downward Forces RA + RG = 15 + 30 20 + RG = 45 RG = 25 kN section F + F F F + Calculating Shear Forces (we must use the shear force rule). When looking right of a section : downward forces are positive and upward forces are negative. When looking left of a section: downward forces are negative and upward forces are positive. Starting at point A and looking left: (note: the negative sign (-) means just to the left of the position and the positive sign (+) means just to the right of the position.) SFA = 0 kN SFA + = 20 kN SFB = 20 kN SFB + = 20 kN SFC = 20 kN SFC + = 20 -15 = 5 kN SFD = 20 -15 = 5 kN SFD + = 20 -15 = 5 kN SFE = 20 -15 = 5 kN SFE + = 20 -15 30 = -25 kN SFF = 20 -15 30 = -25 kN SFF + = 20 -15 30 = -25 kN SFG = 20 -15 30 = -25 kN SFG + = 20 -15 30 + 25 = 0 kN Note: the shear force at either end of a simply supported beam must equate to zero. Calculating Bending Moments (we must use the bending moment rule). When looking right of a section : downward forces are negative and upward forces are positive. When looking left of a section: downward forces are negative and upward forces are positive. section F F section F + F + Hogging Beam Sagging Beam Starting at point A and looking left: BMA = 0 kNm BMB = (20 x 1) = 20 kNm BMC = (20 x 2) = 40 kNm BMD = (20 x 3) + (-15 x 1) = 45 kNm BME = (20 x 4) + (-15 x 2) = 50 kNm BMF = (20 x 5) + (-15 x 3) + (-30 x 1) = 25 kNm BMG = (20 x 6) + (-15 x 4) + (-30 x 2) = 0 kNm Note: the bending moment at either end of a simply supported beam must equate to zero. The following page shows the line, shear force and bending moment diagrams for this beam. 0 20 -25 0 Shear Force Diagram (kN) 5Simply Supported Beam with Point Loads 6 m F E D C G B A 20 kN 25 kN F = 15 kN F = 30 kN Bending Moment Diagram (kNm) 0 0 45 40 20 50 25 Max Tensile Stress SAGGING (+ve bending) Max Compressive Stress F F A maximum bending moment of 50 kNm occurs at position E. Note the shear force is zero at this point. Simply Supported Beam with Point and Distributed Loads (1) 6 m F E D C G B A RA RG 15 kN 30 kN UDL = 10 kN/m We must first calculate the reactions RA and RG. We take moments about one of the reactions to calculate the other, therefore to find RA: Take moments about RG ÃŽ £Clockwise moments (CM) = ÃŽ £Anti-clockwise moments (ACM) RA x 6 = (15 x 4) + (10 x 2 x 3) + (30 x 2) RA = 30 kN now, ÃŽ £Upward Forces = ÃŽ £Downward Forces RA + RG = 15 + (10 x 2) + 30 30 + RG = 65 RG = 35 kN section F + F F F + Calculating Shear Forces (we must use the shear force rule). When looking right of a section : downward forces are positive and upward forces are negative. When looking left of a section: downward forces are negative and upward forces are positive. Starting at point A and looking left: (note: the negative sign (-) means just to the left of the position and the positive sign (+) means just to the right of the position.) SFA = 0 kN SFA + = 30 kN SFB = 30 kN SFB + = 30 kN SFC = 30 kN SFC + = 30 15 = 15 kN SFD = 30 15 (10 x 1) = 5 kN SFD + = 30 15 (10 x 1) = 5 kN SFE = 30 15 (10 x 2) = -5 kN SFE + = 30 15 (10 x 2) 30 = -35 kN SFF = 30 15 (10 x 2) 30 = -35 kN SFF + = 30 15 (10 x 2) 30 = -35 kN SFG = 30 15 (10 x 2) 30 = -35 kN SFG + = 30 15 (10 x 2) 30 + 35 = 35 kN Note: the shear force at either end of a simply supported beam must equate to zero. Calculating Bending Moments (we must use the bending moment rule). When looking right of a section : downward forces are negative and upward forces are positive. When looking left of a section: downward forces are negative and upward forces are positive. section F F section F + F + Hogging Beam Sagging Beam Starting at point A and looking left: BMA = 0 kNm BMB = (30 x 1) = 30 kNm BMC = (30 x 2) = 60 kNm BMD = (30 x 3) + (-15 x 1) + (-10 x 1 x 0.5) = 70 kNm BME = (30 x 4) + (-15 x 2) + (-10 x 2 x 1) = 70 kNm BMF = (30 x 5) + (-15 x 3) + (-10 x 2 x 2) + (-30 x 1) = 35 kNm BMG = (30 x 6) + (-15 x 4) + (-10 x 2 x 3) + (-30 x 2) = 0 kNm Notes: the bending moment at either end of a simply supported beam must equate to zero. The value of the maximum bending moment occurs where the shear force is zero and is therefore still unknown (see Shear Force diagram). The distance from point A to this zero SF point must be determined as follows:- x = 2 15 20 x = 1.5 m Total distance from point A = 2 + 1.5 = 3.5 m therefore, BM max = (30 x 3.5) + (-15 x 1.5) + (-10 X 1.5 x 0.75) = 71.25 kNm The following page shows the line, shear force and bending moment diagrams for this beam. 70 71.25 35 30 60 70 0 0 Simply Supported Beam with Point and Distributed Loads (1) 2 m x 30 -5 Shear Force Diagram (kN) 0 -35 15 0 6 m F E D C G B A 30 kN 35 kN 15 kN 30 kN UDL = 10 kN/m 20 kN Bending Moment Diagram (kNm) Max Tensile Stress SAGGING (+ve bending) Max Compressive Stress F F A maximum bending moment of 71.25 kNm occurs at a distance 3.5 m from position A. Simply Supported Beam with Point and Distributed Loads (2) 1 m RB 12 m E D C F B A 8 kN RE UDL = 6 kN/m UDL = 4 kN/m 12 kN We must first calculate the reactions RB and RE. We take moments about one of the reactions to calculate the other, therefore to find RB. Take moments about RE ÃŽ £Clockwise moments (CM) = ÃŽ £Anti-clockwise moments (ACM) (RBx10)+(6x1x0.5) = (4 x 4 x 9) + (8 x 7) + (12 x 3) + (6 x 3 x 1.5) RB = 26 kN now, ÃŽ £Upward Forces = ÃŽ £Downward Forces RB + RE = (4 x 4) + 8 + 12 + (6 x 4) 26 + RE = 60 RE = 34 kN Calculating Shear Forces Starting at point A and looking left: SFA = 0 kN SFA + = 0 kN SFB = -4 x 1 = -4 kN SFB + = (-4 x 1) + 26 = 22 kN SFC = (-4 x 4) + 26= 10 kN SFC + = (-4 x 4) + 26 8 = 2 kN SFD = (-4 x 4) + 26 8 = 2 kN SFD + = (-4 x 4) + 26 8 12 = -10 kN SFE = (-4 x 4) + 26 8 12 (6 x 3) = -28 kN SFE + = (-4 x 4) + 26 8 12 (6 x 3) + 34 = 6 kN SFF = (-4 x 4) + 26 8 12 (6 x 4) + 34 = 0 kN SFF + = (-4 x 4) + 26 8 12 (6 x 4) + 34 = 0 kN Calculating Bending Moments Starting at point A and looking left: BMA = 0 kNm BMB = (-4 x 1 x 0.5) = -2 kNm BM 2m from A = (-4 x 2 x 1) + (26 x 1) = 18 kNm BM 3m from A = (-4 x 3 x 1.5) + (26 x 2) = 34 kNm BMC = (-4 x 4 x 2) + (26 x 3) = 46 kNm BMD = (-4 x 4 x 6) + (26 x 7) + (-8 x 4) = 54 kNm BM 9m from A = (-4 x 4 x 7) + (26 x 8) + (-8 x 5) + (-12 x 1) + (-6 x 1 x 0.5) = 41 kNm BM 9m from A = (-4 x 4 x 8) + (26 x 9) + (-8 x 6) + (-12 x 2) + (-6 x 2 x 1) = 22 kNm BME = (-4 x 4 x 9) + (26 x 10) + (-8 x 7) + (-12 x 3) + (-6 x 3 x 1.5) = -3 kNm BMF = (-4 x 4 x 10) + (26 x 11) + (-8 x 8) + (-12 x 4) + (-6 x 4 x 2) + (34 x 1) = 0 kNm Point of Contraflexure At any point where the graph on a bending moment diagram passes through the 0-0 datum line (i.e. where the BM changes sign) the curvature of the beam will change from hogging to sagging or vice versa. Such a point is termed a Point of Contraflexure or Inflexion. These points are identified in the following diagram. It should be noted that the point of contraflexure corresponds to zero bending moment. Turning Points The mathematical relationship between shear force and corresponding bending moment is evidenced on their respective graphs where the change of slope on a BM diagram aligns with zero shear on the complementary shear force diagram. Thus, at any point on a BM diagram where the slope changes direction from upwards to downwards or vice versa, all such Turning Points occur at positions of Zero Shear. Turning points are also identified in the following diagram. Simply Supported Beam with Point and Distributed Loads (2) 1 m 26 kN 12 m E D C F B A 8 kN 34 kN UDL = 6 kN/m UDL = 4 kN/m 12 kN 2 6 2 -4 22 -10 Shear Force Diagram (kN) 0 -28 10 0 F F SAGGING (+ve bending) -3 22 41 54 46 34 18 -2 Bending Moment Diagram (kNm) 0 0 F F HOGGING (-ve bending) Points of Contraflexure The maximum bending moment is equal to 54 kNm and occurs at point D where the shear force is zero. Turning points occur at -2 kNm and -3 kNm. Cantilever Beam with Point Load 6 m F E D C G B A RA 12 kN Free End Fixed End In this case there is only one unknown reaction at the fixed end of the cantilever, therefore: ÃŽ £Upward Forces = ÃŽ £Downward Forces RA = 12 kN Calculating Shear Forces Starting at point A and looking left: SFA = 0 kN SFA + = 12 kN SFB = 12 kN SFB + = 12 kN SFC = 12 kN SFC + = 12 kN SFD = 12 kN SFD + = 12 kN SFE = 12 kN SFE + = 12 kN SFF = 12 kN SFF + = 12 kN SFG = 12 kN SFG + = 12 12 = 0 kN Note: the shear force at either end of a cantilever beam must equate to zero. Calculating Bending Moments NB for simplicity at this stage we shall always look towards the free end of the beam. Starting at fixed end, point A, and looking right towards the free end: (the same results may be obtained by starting at point G and looking right) BMA = -12 x 6 = -72 kNm BMB = -12 x 5 = -60 kNm BMC = -12 x 4 = -48 kNm BMD = -12 x 3 = -36 kNm BME = -12 x 2 = -24 kNm BMF = -12 x 1 = -12 kNm BMG = 0 kNm Notes: the maximum bending moment in a cantilever beam occurs at the fixed end. In this case the 12kN force in the beam is trying to bend it downwards, (a clockwise moment). The support at the fixed end must therefore be applying an equal but opposite moment to the beam. This would be 72 kNm in an anti-clockwise direction. See the following diagram. The value of the bending moment at the free end of a cantilever beam will always be zero. -12 -24 -36 -48 -60 -72 Bending Moment Diagram (kNm) 0 0 12 125 Shear Force Diagram (kN) 0 0 72 kNm 72 kNm 6 m F E D C G B A 12 kN 12 kN The following shows the line, shear force and bending moment diagrams for this beam. F F HOGGING (-ve bending) Max Tensile Stress Max Compressive Stress A maximum bending moment of -72 kNm occurs at position A. Cantilever Beam with Distributed Load UDL = 2 kN/m 6 m F E D C G B A RA To calculate the unknown reaction at the fixed end of the cantilever: ÃŽ £Upward Forces = ÃŽ £Downward Forces RA = 2 x 6 RA = 12 kN Calculating Shear Forces Starting at point A and looking left: SFA = 0 kN SFA + = 12 kN SFB = 12 (2 x 1) = 10 kN SFB + = 12 (2 x 1) = 10 kN SFC = 12 (2 x 2) = 8 kN SFC + = 12 (2 x 2) = 8 kN SFD = 12 (2 x 3) = 6 kN SFD + = 12 (2 x 3) = 6 kN SFE = 12 (2 x 4) = 4 kN SFE + = 12 (2 x 4) = 4 kN SFF = 12 (2 x 5) = 2 kN SFF + = 12 (2 x 5) = 2 kN SFG = 12 (2 x 6) = 0 kN SFG + = 12 (2 x 6) = 0 kN Note: the shear force at either end of a cantilever beam must equate to zero. Calculating Bending Moments Starting at fixed end, point A, and looking right towards the free end: (the same results may be obtained by starting at point G and looking right) BMA = -2 x 6 x 3 = -36 kNm BMB = -2 x 5 x 2.5 = -25 kNm BMC = -2 x 4 x 2 = -16 kNm BMD = -2 x 3 x 1.5 = -9 kNm BME = -2 x 2 x 1 = -4 kNm BMF = -2 x 1 x 0.5 = -1 kNm BMG = 0 kNm The following page shows the line, shear force and bending moment diagrams for this beam. Cantilever Beam with Distributed Load8 6 4 2 36 kNm 36 kNm 12 105 Shear Force Diagram (kN) 0 0 -1 -4 -9 -16 -25 -36 Bending Moment Diagram (kNm) 0 0 6 m F E D C G B A 12 kN UDL = 2 kN/m F F HOGGING (-ve bending) Max Tensile Stress Max Compressive Stress A maximum bending moment of -36 kNm occurs at position A. Cantilever Beam with Point and Distributed Loads RG 2 m 10 kN B C D E A F G 4 m UDL = 10 kN/m To calculate the unknown reaction at the fixed end of the cantilever: ÃŽ £Upward Forces = ÃŽ £Downward Forces RG = (10 x 6) + 10 RG = 70 kN Calculating Shear Forces Starting at point A and looking left: SFA = 0 kN SFA + = 0 kN SFB = -10 x 1 = -10 kN SFB + = -10 x 1 = -10 kN SFC = -10 x 2 = -20 kN SFC + = (-10 x 2) + (-10) = -30 kN SFD = (-10 x 3) + (-10) = -40 kN SFD + = (-10 x 3) + (-10) = -40 kN SFE = (-10 x 4) + (-10) = -50 kN SFE + = (-10 x 4) + (-10) = -50 kN SFF = (-10 x 5) + (-10) = -60 kN SFF + = (-10 x 5) + (-10) = -60 kN SFG = (-10 x 6) + (-10) = -70 kN SFG + = (-10 x 6) + (-10) + 70 = 0 kN Note: the shear force at either end of a cantilever beam must equate to zero. Calculating Bending Moments Starting at point A, and looking left from the free end: (the same results may be obtained by starting at point G and looking left) BMA = 0 kNm BMB = -10 x 1 x 0.5 = -5 kNm BMC = -10 x 2 x 1 = -20 kNm BMD = (-10 x 3 x 1.5) + (-10 x 1) = -55 kNm BME = (-10 x 4 x 2) + (-10 x 2) = -100 kNm BMF = (-10 x 5 x 2.5) + (-10 x 3) = -155 kNm BMG = (-10 x 6 x 3) + (-10 x 4) = -220 kNm The following page shows the line, shear force and bending moment diagrams for this beam. 70 kN 2 m 10 kN B C D E A F G 4 m UDL = 10 kN/m 0 0 Shear Force Diagram (kN) -60 -70 -10 -20 -40 -50 220 kNm 220 kNm -30Cantilever Beam with Point and Distributed Loads 0 0 Bending Moment Diagram (kNm) -220 -5 -20 -55 -100 -155 F F HOGGING (-ve bending) Max Tensile Stress Max Compressive Stress A maximum bending moment of -220 kNm occurs at position G.

Buddhism Essay -- essays research papers fc

Buddhism   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  For over 2000 years Buddhism has existed as an organized religion. By religion we mean that it has a concept of the profane, the sacred, and approaches to the sacred. It has been established in India, China, Japan and other eastern cultures for almost 2000 years and has gained a strong foothold in North America and Europe in the past few centuries. However, one might ask; what fate would Buddhism face had Siddartha Guatama been born in modern times; or more specifically in modern day North America? Would his new found enlightenment be accepted now as it was thousands of years ago? Would it be shunned by society as another â€Å"cult† movement? What conflicts or similarities would it find with modern science; physics in particular? The answers to these questions are the aim of this paper, as well as a deeper understanding of modern Buddhism.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Although I will stick with traditional ideas raised by Buddhism, one detail in the story of Siddartha Guatama must be addressed in order for it to be relevant to the main question being asked: What obstacles would Siddartha Guatama face had he been born in modern day North America. Primarily, it must be recognized that rather than being born into the Hindu religion (which in itself is mystical), Siddartha would have most likely been born into a Christian family. This in itself presents the first obstacle, that being that Christianity is a strictly monotheistic and non-mystical faith. Hence from the outset, although in the traditional story Siddartha faced a conflict with his father (Ludwig 137), in the North American scenario the conflict would have been heightened by the fact that his search for enlightenment was not even closely similar to the Christian faith.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  As with science, changes in religious thought are often met with strong opposition. It is interesting to note though, that many parallels can be found between modern physics and Eastern Mysticism. As Fritjof Capra writes: The changes, brought about by modern physics . . . all seem to lead towards a view of the world which is very similar to the views held in Eastern Mysticism. The concepts of modern physics often show surprising parallels to the ideas expressed in the religious philosophies of the Far East. (17-18) Thus by examining some of the obstacles imposed by t... ...o overcome the problems of being born into a Christian family/society; a society not used to such abstract ideas of reality, the close- minded nature of western thought, and the problems posed by a media that likes to jump on anything new and unusual and tear it to shreds. However, if it were to overcome these obstacles it is quite probable that it would become a deeply rooted religion in North America due to the likely support it would gain from the scientific community. Bibliography Capra, Fritjof. The Tao Of Physics: An Exploration of the Parallels Between Modern Physics and Eastern Mysticism. Berkley: Shamhala Publications, 1975 Ludwig, Theodore M. The Sacred Paths: Understanding the Religions of the World.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  New Jersey: Prentice Hall, 1996 Niwano, Nikky. Buddhism For Today: A Modern Interpretation of the Threefold Lotus   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Sutra. New York: WeatherHill, 1980 Richardson, Allen E. East Comes West: Asian Religions and Cultures in North America.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  New York: The Pilgrim Press, 1985 Shupe Anson D. Six Perspectives On New Religions: A Case Study Approach.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  New York::